Tribulations of the Self (Sociology) Essay - 1067 Words

centerbWhat constitutes the tribulations of the self in contemporary society, according to Anthony Giddens? Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer./b/centerbrbrThis essay will seek an explanation of what constitutes the tribulations of the self according to Anthony Giddens (1991). In the first part of this paper, I discuss some central ways language has been viewed focusing the review on social constructivist writings as well as those stemming from the study of human development. In the second part of this paper, I discuss data that leads to the reconsideration of aspects of the language - selfhood interface. I conclude by suggesting some future avenues of research.brbrFirst the essay will outline the various†¦show more content†¦Among other things there is awarness of high consequence risks and the notion that things go wrong (Giddens, 1991. P182) are going to cause anxiety in every day life. The next tribulation Giddens examines is ontological security, anxiety, and th e sequestration of experience (1991. p 183). Ontology is the science of being therefor ontological security is the security of being, the maintenance of identity and the self. This would cause anxiety and result in the withdrawal from certain experiences/ activities to maintain the ontology. The latter describing the sequestration of experience.brbrOne of the main threats to this is the notion of globalisation and everyone being caught up in it. Losing a sense of place and identity due to the change in lifestyle and other aspects feel beyond our control. brbrThis involves exposure to crisis situations. Giddens (1991, p 184) says that:bra crisis exists whenever activities concerned with important goals in life of an individual or a collectivity suddenly appear inadequate. Crises in this sense become a normal part of life, but by definition can not be routinisedbrGiddens (1991, p 184) states that it is the crisis prone nature of late modernity that is causing may of the tribulations o f the self and this creates a general uneasiness. As a result many will withdraw from society in order toShow MoreRelated Tribulations Of The Self (sociology) Essay1034 Words   |  5 Pages What constitutes the tribulations of the self in contemporary society, according to Anthony Giddens? Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.This essay will seek an explanation of what constitutes the tribulations of the self according to Anthony Giddens (1991). In the first part of this paper, I discuss some central ways language has been viewed focusing the review on social constructivist writings as well as those stemming from the study of human development. In the second part of thisRead MoreLiterary Scholarship And Criticism Of Shakespeare s The Invention Of The Human 1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough a range of individuals from different social constructs in order to contemplate the human condition. Hamlet: The Prince of Denmark is a hallmark example of Shakespeare’s contemplation of social tolerance and equity in the exploration of human sociology. In this play, we see the malignant ambition of newly throned King Claudius, the questionable decision-making of Queen Gertrude, and the emotionally-preying and encompassing force of murdered King Hamlet’s ghost, construct the grounds for contemplationRead MoreMartin Luther King, Jr. Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesAlberta Williams King, a school-teacher. He attended elementary school in Atlanta then joined Booker T. Washington High School. He proceeded to Atlanta University and to Morehouse College until 1953, completing with a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology. He was awarded his Doctor of Philosophy in 1955 from Boston University. King was born in a country with racial segregation and an unequal system that advocated division in education and other social amenities with clear limitations to the blackRead MoreSome Theories of Child Rearing1665 Words   |  7 Pagesbasis of theorizing by researchers and by parents themselves. In the scientific perspective, a large amount of the empirical work connecting parental behavior to developmental products in children has been created by those who work in psychology, sociology and criminology. But added disciplines have given equal theories and techniques consist of historians, anthropologists and biological sciences (Macloed et al 2008). For instance, a finding from ethology has established the biological source and evolutionaryRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On The United States Of America And Directed By Michael Apted Essay2294 Words   |  10 Pagesthe floor. At this point Slim has had enough and puts Gracie in safe-keeping with her best friend and strengt hens herself physically and mentally with a self-defense trainer. When she is prepared she returns to confront Mitch with her newly gained skills and after she knocked him unconsciousness she realized that she wasn’t a killer but she used self-defense and had to kill him after he attempted to hit her again. In the end Slim and her daughter live happily with her boyfriend knowing now that sheRead MoreSymbolic Meaning of the Land in Gone with the Wind6993 Words   |  28 Pagesanalyzing the symbolic meaning of the land in this masterpiece to interpret this novel better. With application of sociology of novels the land is conferred with the protagonist Scarletts love for the Tara, the power of kinship, the slavery civilization of southern America and the spiritual world of human beings as well as the reliance on it for the modern American. Key words: land; Tara; sociology of novels; slavery civilization; spiritual world Contents Chapter 1 IntroductionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…3Read MoreThe Importance of Metaphor in Formulating Concepts and Perceptions in Philosophy4764 Words   |  19 Pagesï » ¿PHILOSOPHY THE IMPORTANCE OF METAPHOR IN FORMULATING CONCEPTS AND PERCEPTIONS Metaphor lives a covert living all over. We complete around six metaphors per minute. Metaphorical thoughts are significant on how we appreciate our own self and other people, how we correspond, be taught, discern and create. But metaphor is a manner of thinking before it is a manner with language. At this time, to help explicating this, lets enlist the help of one of our supreme philosophers, the reigning king of theRead MoreMarx and Engels View and Purpose of Religion Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pagesplace so as to hide the truth from the majority of society, the oppressed. Marx sees religion as a form of ideology created by human beings and also sees religion as falling under one of his key concepts; alienation. ‘Religion is the self-consciousness and self-feeling of man who has either not yet found himself or has already lost himself again’ (Marx and Engels as cited in Marsh et al. 2009, p.652). Marx suggests that human beings rely on religion when they are feeli ng alienated from theirRead MoreIrish American Drinking Habits in Literature and in Popular Culture: A Self-Defeating Cycle2247 Words   |  9 PagesRepresentations of Irish/Irish-American Drinking Habits in Literature and in Popular Culture: A Self-Defeating Cycle Introduction Stereotypes are not hard to come by in popular American culture, and truly in popular cultures the world over. Human beings seem programmed to make quick and superficial judgments about anyone who is or who simply appears to be different or other than oneself, equating race, ethnicity, skin color, and/or country of origin with a set of specific attitudes, valuesRead MoreMental Health Issues: What ´s Stigma? 3355 Words   |  13 Pagesincreases the reluctance of people with schizophrenia to seek help as schizophrenia was not recognised as an illness by the lay public. However, Wright et al (2011) believes that if young people revaluate the consequences of labelling in relation to self-stigma and how insignificant it can be through community educational initiatives as well as information about services and treatment (Schulze and Angermeyer, 2003) it could increase the help-seeking behaviour of young people. 2) Help Seeking Amongst

The States Policy On Gambling - 1416 Words

Before discussing what the states policy on gambling should be, one must first become familiar with the definition of gambling. Gambling is defined as â€Å"the activity or practice of playing at a game of chance for money or other stakes†. When people hear the word gambling, casinos, lotteries, and online gambling websites are what is most often thought of, however, these are not the only types of gambling. People can gamble throughout a variety of fashions, such as virtual gambling on tablets or smartphones, scratch cards, and sports betting, and as stated in the definition, does not always have to be for money. Often people gamble without even realizing that they are gambling, and many start off at such a young age. In varying forms, the†¦show more content†¦One major concern with gambling is the cause of problem gambling. Problem gambling is defined as â€Å"a progressive disorder characterized by a continuous or periodic loss of control over gambling; a preoccup ation with gambling and with obtaining money with which to gamble; irrational thinking; and a continuation of the behaviour despite adverse consequences.† When one hears about the effects of problem gambling, and thinking about how easy it is for someone to develop problem gambling, they might often want the state to create laws that make gambling illegal. However, there have been many studies conducted on those individuals who do partake in gambling, and how many of those individuals who suffer from problem gambling as an effect of gambling do not in fact suffer from this. In Jonathan Wolff’s book Ethics and Public Policy: A Philosophical inquiry, a study conducted in the UK in 2000 and 2007, show that problem gambling had not increased as a percentage of gamblers, staying below one percent. The study that was conducted in 2007, includes online gambling, whereas the one conducted in the year 2000 does not. Nowadays, with the easy access to internet, online gambling has become more and more popular around the world, as people have the ability to gamble from anywhere they want. ThatShow MoreRelatedThe State s Gambling Policy Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesThe state is of, by, and for the people. This implies that the state is in the best interest of the people, so it s main priority should be to provide liberty for its citizens, while at the same time protecting them from foreseeable harm. In this essay I argue that the state’s gambling policy should be a proactive one, that is, the state should do as much as it can to prevent problem gambling before it happens, while also preserving individual freedom. To first develop a state policy for gamblingRead MoreWhat Should The State s Policy Be On Gambling?2136 Words   |  9 Pagesshould the state’s policy be on gambling? It is hard to walk away from a winning streak, and even harder to leave the table when you are on a losing one. Gambling, the activity of playing a game of chance for money or other stakes, is one of mankind’s oldest activities. Built upon the false pre-tenses that taking risks will consistently be remunerated, gambling has evolved throughout the years and still remains, engrained within the daily lives of many. Over the years the gambling industry has steadilyRead MoreGambling Is The Largest And Most Financially Significant Entertainment Industry1460 Words   |  6 PagesGambling is Canada’s largest and most financially significant entertainment industry. The world of gambling is not limited to solely the casino. It has a presence everywhere, even innocently, from video games to Wal-Mart arcade games. In the adult world there are various types of gambling, ranging from horse racing to scratch lotto cards. One could argue that gambling is a regular part of life. We h ave become almost desensitized to it because it is so apparent in our world today. Gambling is consideredRead MoreThe Gambling Boom Of San Francisco1141 Words   |  5 Pagesof quick draw disputes over card games in San Francisco as the city had a reputation for fair games. In fact, the gambling establishments of San Francisco had an air of refinement as the card dealers were required to wear professionally attire. Also, San Francisco was one of the first cities in the west to feature female card dealers. According to the Annals of San Francisco: â€Å"Gambling was the essential amusement -- the grand occupation of many classes. Judges and clergymen, physicians and advocatesRead MoreEssay on Harmful Effects of Legalized Gambling1644 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Legalized Gambling Gambling is prominent in todays society. This can be seen especially through politics. Everywhere voters are electing people to office who are pro gambling. William Thompson of the University of Nevada (1994) describes politicians by stating, Its part of the American landscape, theyll trade morality for dollars (1). In North and South Carolina, for example, the last governor election showed that the people were for legal gambling by voting in governorsRead MoreShould Internet Gambling Be Illegal?1191 Words   |  5 PagesGambling in the United States has become more than a pastime in casinos because the internet has been adapted to include online gambling. Also, gambling previously has been exclusive to adults; yet, more and more teenagers are participating in the worldwide phenomenon of fantasy sports. Personally, I have never found gambling appealing because I think that it is a waste of time and money. As it is, gambling has become a problem and will continue to grow unl ess something is changed. There are numerousRead MoreGambling Outline Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesNick Cortese Research Outline Gambling Thesis: Gambling in society has detrimental effects to people in United States. Topic: I. There are certain types of gambling that people should be aware of. A. Gambling is any bet you make that involves chance, a stake, and there is a pay-off. â€Å"Here is the definition of gamble – to play at any game of chance for stakes, to bet on an uncertain outcome† (Brown). â€Å"The following three elements must be present for somethingRead MoreShould Sports Be Legalized?978 Words   |  4 PagesSome jobs would also be created if online gambling was legalized. Many of the existing online gambling sites would move their operations to the United States, while other sites would be newly created in here. The jobs created would range from computer programmers to customer service jobs (Rousu). Our economy is always looking for new jobs to decrease the unemployment rate. This is a great way to lower unemployment and increase the economy at the same time. In Canada, the provinces experience additionalRead MoreShort History of Gambling in the United States of America and Comparison of Gambling Criteria935 Words   |  4 PagesShort History of Gambling in the United States of America According to the Commission on the Review of National Policy toward Gambling, gambling in the United States grossed over $40 billion dollars in 1995 (Dunstan, 1997). Professor I. Nelson Rose describes three waves of gambling during the history of the colonies and the United States. The first of these waves began during the start of this great nation and lasted until the mid-1800s. The second wave was at the end of our Civil War and lastedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1156 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana Should Not be Legalized As we know, support for marijuana legalization has been increasing in the United States in recent years and several U.S. states have legalized recreational or medical use. But it is correct to legalize the marijuana? Would marijuana harm human beings? Is it addictive? According to this research paper, the conclusion is that marijuana should not be legalized. Marijuana, also known as cannabis and by numerous other names, is a preparation of the cannabis plant intended

Rationale Statement Free Essays

This 2 hour online workshop Is an Indication of this standard because of the freeloading and research that went Into Its creation. I Incorporated what I knew of the learners into the initial design phases of the module. Taking multiple learning styles and multiple intelligences into consideration helped me to create targeted activities, assignments, and resources to reach a broader pool of participants. We will write a custom essay sample on Rationale Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now After all, â€Å"to teach effectively, you’ve got to know how people learn and in particular you’ve got to know how they think. † (Ramrod, 2010) Interestingly enough, the topic of the workshop Is differentiation. As result, the module Itself models the topic by providing lessons and assessments that incorporate differentiation in its design. Images, videos, text, links, and interactive activities make up the bulk of the content, and each tab brings in different strategies to reach different learners. Standard. The Instructional materials for this website Indicate a wide variety of modalities. I have shot and embedded videos of subject matter experts, Included Interactive multiple choice quizzes, as well as developed discussion threads to allow participants o work together. Using what I know of the skills highlighted by the Partnership for 21st Century Literates, I incorporated assessments that ask learners to collaborate, to analyze readings and photos, and to synthesize their findings into writing. These skills are ones teachers need to use, sure. However, since the focus of the workshop Is to help teachers teach students, I believe It is vital for any professional development to model these skills as well and ask teachers to interact with the skills they will also expect their own students to utilize. Standard. I believe It Is very important to allow learners flexibility in this workshop’s Implementation. Knowing the schedule of the target audience, the secondary teacher, I decided that the workshop should be self-paced and accomplished over a short window of time. Over a two-week period, learners have the chance to log in and work to chip away at the tabs at their convenience. Each tab focuses on different topics centered on differentiation and can be explored in any order. However, as self-paced as it is, there are still patterns and rhythms worked into the workshop. Resources, visuals, informal assessment. Resources, visuals, Informal assessment. The predictable pattern Is meant to help the comfort level of learners. â€Å"Students find that a†¦ Rhythm for an online course provides similar benefits in keeping learners on track†¦ † (Botcher Conrad, 2010. ) By making this decision of flexible learning right off the bat, I was able to then back plan what support I needed to develop and provide in order to ensure a smooth experience for the learners each time they log in. Throughout my program, I became a greater fan of Haiku as a Learning Management System. Haiku is amazingly user-friendly, and still provides the learners and the signers access to a wide variety of tools. They don’t water down the possibilities. The resources are housed easily using this virtual classroom. The discussions are easily encouraged. Submission methods are obvious and clear. Haiku permits an easy pathway to communicate with learners. Nevertheless, the pool of learners that piloted the workshop varied in levels of tech users. To address this, I developed a series of scaffolds to help participants regardless of their tech level. For instance, despite the ease of Haiku, I still also provided a Screenplay that allowed me to introduce both savvy and tentative learners to the ALMS. It was my first time using this kind of technology, and having gone through the process, I have discovered how invaluable it is. I plan to include a Screenplay for any future project as an instructional designer as well as a classroom teacher. Standard 5: EVALUATIONS]O Regarding learner assessment and evaluation, the workshop clearly meets this standard because of the elements included in its virtual walls. It includes formative, informal assessments in the form of short writings based on photograph analysis ND asking learners to synthesize concepts into discussion threads. It also incorporates more formal summarize assessments in the form of an online multiple- choice survey. Regarding my own evaluative process, I ensured that the assessments aligned to the initial objectives. â€Å"The test [measures] what it’s supposed to measure† (Laureate, 2012. ) A simple concept, but one that is critical in the success of creating a training module. In addition, the course evaluation survey incorporates both quantitative data and subjective opinion, the results of which I could reflect on to aid in my evasions as well as my own growth as an instructional designer. How to cite Rationale Statement, Papers

No justice, no peace Essay Example For Students

No justice, no peace Essay The fire is burning/ It lights up the sky/ From high on the rock/ Down into the sea/ It is taking the children/ It is eating the future/ Smother the fire/ Open your hearts. The Song of Jacob Zulu The fire that rages through Tug Yourgraus powerful new play with music, unveiled this spring at Chicagos Stephenwolf Theatre, is hate hate bred of relentless racial and class oppression. In The Song of Jacob Zulu, set in the playwrights native South Africa in 1985, the oppression is specifically named apartheid; but the drama proved eerily reflective of events that exploded in America in mid-May, during the final weeks of its world-premiere run. Unexpectedly, so did a concurrent Chicago production mounted in collaboration with South African artists: a revamped version of Trevor Griffithss Comedians presented at the Court Theatre under the direction of Barney Simon, artistic director of Johannesburgs progressive, multiracial Market Theatre. Both shows were developed in long-term workshops to allow for maximum cross-cultural rubbing, and both proved remarkably prescient in their common theme: the ever-mounting threat that cataclysmic violence will engulf society if the longstanding economic and legal oppression of blacks is not halted. For audiences visiting either play after the fiery, bloody riots swept Los Angeles, the parallels were inescapable and instructive. Jacob Zulu tells the story of a black teenager accused of planting a bomb in a shopping mall, and its images of the protagonist being beaten and kicked by ruthless cops seemed almost nauseatingly familiar in the wake of the Rodney King trial whose verdict spawned the L.A. riots; so did the question posed by one of the plays frequent passage of choral commentary: Can there be justice for a black man in a white mans court? Equally disturbing was the nature of the crime of which Jacob is accused: setting off an explosion not against a military target but in a civilian location, where it kills and maims black and white citizens alike. The play isnt about the framing of an innocent manJacob is guilty of the bombing, and though he claims in court that he attempted to telephone a warning to clear the shopping center, he admits in secret (only to the audience) that his intention wasnt political but purely personal: He hated, and so he wanted to kill as many white people as possible. That grief-stricken statement climaxes the long confessional flashback the constitutes most of Yourgraus script, which was inspired by the case of one Andrew Zondo, who was executed for a similar crime. The playwright, a white man whose family emigrated from Johannesburg to the U.S. in 1959 when he was 11, came across the Zondo case when he was back in South Africa researching a documentary for PBS-TVs Frontlines. He conceived the project for television but ended up submitting it to Steppenwolfs New Plays Project competition, though hed never written a stage play before. If it starts out as fairly conventional courtroom drama, the play builds suspense through Jacobs reluctance to speak in his own defense, and gains its footing in the long, linear recap of Jacobs life that dramatizes how a sweet-natured ministers son was twisted into a killer. Drawing upon both Greek tragedy and the Christian passion play (Jacob is described early on as one who suffered for the sins of South Africa), Yourgrau and director Eric Simonson used the a cappella singing and stylized movement of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, the ensemble best known in America for its work with pop singer Paul Simon, as an integral element of the drama. The nine male vocalists functioned like a Greek chorus, singing responses to the story and ritualistically reenacting the action Jacob described. Their pulsing, breathy singing style brought an element of unearthly beauty and transcendence to the production. Simonsons emotionally direct staging fused an eclectic cast of American, South African and English actors (including John Mahoney, a Stepenwolf member as well as a much-employed film and TV perfomer, as a frustrated liberal lawyer; longtime Athol Fugard associate Zakes Mokae as Jacobs father; and Los Angeles actor K. Todd Freeman, in a powerful portrayal of the disor iented, emotionally choked Jacob) into a seamless ensemble. .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f , .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f .postImageUrl , .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f , .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f:hover , .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f:visited , .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f:active { border:0!important; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f:active , .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u089c483c259f09e8b20c4ab0811c278f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The play is a success EssayDespite its radically different subject matter, Comedians provided a similarly bracing view of black alienation and despair as prelude to nihilistic violence. Trevor Griffiths 1975 playoriginally set in a Manchester, England, comedy club where a class of aspiring stand-up comics facee their fina exam, a performance for an agent who may offer the best of them a contractindicts the deadliness of British class divisions. Its young hero, Gethin Price, delivers a shockingly venomous routine in which he ritually assaults a pair of mannequins representing the upper classs indiference to the plight of common people. Griffiths himself worked with Chicago comedian Aaron Freeman and the plays actors, under Simons direction, to reset the play in contemporary Chicago. The original charactersall white, all malebecome a group of black and Latino men and a pair of white Irish-American women; the only remaining white male is, inevitably, the agent, who continues to wield power even though hes out of touch with the reality the aspiring comedians are reflecting. Though the pungency of Griffiths brilliant original seems compromised by some token Chicagoizing, its main theme takes on new force through the reworked racial composition. The showdown between the anarchic Price (played in the Court production as a rabid, rapping rebel by dynamic Ramon Melindez Moses) and his elderly mentor, the once-great Eddie Waters (recreated in the mold of former Chicagoan Dick Gregory by Lex Monson) emerges as a standoff between the older mans weary ideals of compassion and faith and the time-bomb ragee that is the younger mans response to an unjust society that refuses to change. Some say the world will end in fire, Price tells Waters at the plays climax, quoting a poem that eerily echoes the opening lyrics of Jacob Zulu. Some say in ice. From what Ive tasted of desire, I hold with those who favor fire. But if I had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate to say that for destruction, ice also great and would suffice.

A citizen, rights and responsibilities and antisocial behaviour The WritePass Journal

A citizen, rights and responsibilities and antisocial behaviour Introduction A citizen, rights and responsibilities and antisocial behaviour IntroductionAnti Social BehavioursTackling Anti Social Behaviour in HousingConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction The term ‘citizen’ may literally be used to refer to any person who has acquired or has the status of citizenship. The acquired status is used when the person that is conferred with the citizenship is not originally a citizen of the sovereign nation while, in effect the citizenship has to be earned through set of rules that govern the society.   According to Hardy (1997) â€Å"the status of citizen is used to denote the link between an individual and a State, a form of political organization with territorial boundaries which may encompass more than one nation†.   Citizenship is defined by Lewis (2004, p 9) as â€Å"a legal status conferred by an internationally recognised nation – state. This status accords a nationality and the right to make claims against the state and receive a share of the public goods†.   Therefore, it can be seen that when an individual has the status of a citizenship, such individual has formed a relationship with the St ate and this relationship is guided and strengthened by the citizen knowing his/her rights from the State and responsibilities to the State, community and entire neighbourhood. This project focuses on the rights and responsibilities of a citizen with respect to tenancy and how these relate to existing government policies on anti social behaviour.   The project will attempt to achieve this focus by fully describing the rights of a citizen from the State and the responsibilities of that citizen to the State, community and entire neighbourhood.   Secondly the project will carry out a review of the current government policies on anti social behaviour and how these policies relate to the rights and responsibilities of a citizen.   Thirdly, the project will conclude with summary of the overall work. Rights of a citizen When a person has the status of a citizenship, Blackburn (1994) argues that a relationship has been formed with the state which gives the citizen certain rights.   However, Marshal (1992, cited in Lewis, 2004) viewed citizenship as a relationship between the individual and a state which gives rise to 3 basic elements of rights – civil, political and social. Civil rights The civil right of a citizen represents the right to freedom of speech, expression, thought and faith and to conclude valid contracts. When a person becomes a citizen, such person has by virtue of the citizenship status acquired the right to freely express him/herself and to put forward opinions about issues affecting the that nation.   In addition, the citizenship status comes with the right to equal opportunities and social justice in that society. Political rights The political right of a citizen is the rights that allow the person to vote.   The right to vote is an opportunity to demonstrate one’s democratic rights and this is important in a democratic society.   The political right also includes the chance to participate in political process such as contesting for electoral positions and being duly elected in the political office. Social rights The social element of the right of a citizen is the right to economic welfare and to fully share the social heritages within the society.   One of the social heritages in a society is housing.   Blackburn (1994) viewed the right to housing and be housed as one of the idealistic rights of a citizen. Within the context of this project, the housing right (social right) of a citizen will be the subject for main focus. Housing right The citizen has the right to housing (Cowan and Marsh, 2001 and Blackburn, 1994). There are two main sectors in the housing market for a citizen – the owner occupied and the rented sector.   The owner occupied housing sector includes the individuals that have undertaken to purchase a property through mortgage and who live in the house by themselves.   The house that is purchased may be a leasehold or freehold, but, in either case, the government usually supports the citizens through varying the interest rates and stamp duties.   Other form of support by the government is through consultation with the mortgage lenders in reducing the amount of deposit required for the citizens to purchase their own owner occupied houses. These supports are to enable the citizen enforce their rights of housing.   The rented housing sector includes the private and public.   Private rented sector refers to those that rent out their house through short hold tenancies while the public sect or is the assured short hold tenancy.   The providers of housing to citizens in the public sector include housing associations and local authorities.   The local authorities invest in houses and allocate them to citizens on the basis of ‘first come first served’ but attention is given to those with extra-ordinary circumstance or great urgency.   The housing associations are not for profit making organisations who provide house to citizens based on their criteria and in view of the nature of the associations, they do not share profits but re-invest them into the activities of the housing. Responsibilities of a citizen The basic right of housing for a citizen is further broken down in the tenancy agreement the citizen enters into with the landlord which states the conditions of the tenancy.   The Housing Act 1988 with amendments up to 2004 and the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 protect the citizen from undue harassment, unfair charges and fraudulent practices and also ensure that the property is in good condition for occupancy and illegal evictions.   However, in order to fully enjoy the right to housing and the protection as contained in the Tenancy Agreement and the relevant Housing Acts, the citizen is required to fulfill some basic obligations.   The citizen has the obligation to act within the law by not engaging in criminal or immoral activities and also to behave in such manners that may not be regarded are against socially accepted corms within the neighbourhood or wider social environment.   Therefore, it can be said that one of the rights of a citizen is the right to housing and als o that one of the major responsibilities of the citizen is to carry on his/her daily activities of living in such a manner as to show behaviours that are against the neighbourhood in which he/she resides.   The term neighbourhood is described by Power (2007, p 17) as â€Å"local areas within towns and cities recognized by people who live there as distinct places, with their own character and approximate boundaries†.   The citizen is a member of the neighbourhood and his or her actions will impact all the members of the neighbourhood either directly or indirectly, in effect, the citizen is expected to maintain a pattern of behaviour for the interest of the general neighbourhood.   A pattern of behaviour that is not in line with the acceptable behaviours within a neighbourhood is known as anti social behaviour.   According to Rose (1996) citizens are considered to be responsible when they play their roles but in a situation that the moral lifestyle of such person is con trary, such person is considered a threat or reproach to the community.   According to Cowan and Marsh (2001, p 168) â€Å"the role of the law relevant here is through seeking to uphold particular standards of behaviour†.   In the UK, the law that seeks to uphold the standards of behaviours within the neighbourhood is the anti social behaviour contained in the Crime and Disorder Act (1996, 1998) and Ant Social Behaviour Act (2003). Anti Social Behaviours The Good Practice Unite of the Chartered Institute of Housing (CIH 1995, p3) defined antisocial behaviour as â€Å"behaviour that opposes society’s norms and accepted standards of behaviour†.   Also the Crime and Disorder Act (1998) described antisocial behaviour as acting â€Å"in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons not of the same household†.   The Anti Social Behaviour Act (2003) identified various forms of behaviours found to be common and these include: noise nuisance; intimidation and/or harassments, littering and graffiti; being violent against neighbours and properties; hate behviours that target an ethnic or gender groups; and use of the property for unlawful business or other purposes. Causes Several reasons have been given by different researchers and organisations as to the reasons that lead to anti social behaviours.   Notable among the researchers are Hawkins, Catalano and Miller (1992) who identified risk factors and protective factors.  Ã‚   The risk factors involves certain issues of life that have the potential of making people act against the society such as poverty, family problems and problems that arise in the school.   The protective factors refer to the presence of some features that may discourage the individual from acting against the society such as bonding and community involvement.   The issues of risk and protective factors were further highlighted by the argument of Miller (2005) that neighbourhoods with high crime rate in most cases are traceable to poverty, deprivation and lack of involvement in the community in which the offender resides. Impacts Anti social behaviours has the likelihood of impacting on the members of the neighbourhood, properties and the individual that carries out the behaviour.   One of the impacts of antisocial behaviour on the neighbourhood is that it can make withdraw from public places within the area for fear of the safety of their lives thereby and also crumble the service provisions in that area (Rogers and Coaffee, 2005).   The Policy Action Team of the Social Exclusion Unit (SEU, 1998, p11) argued that â€Å"if housing is poorly managed or unlettable, or crime and anti social behaviour are not tackled, community support systems can easily crumble†.   Secondly, there is the possibility of reducing house prices in the area and increased cost of repairs and cleaning of graffiti as a result of vandalism (Brand and Price, 2000). Also, an area that is notorious for behaviours seen to be contrary to the accepted standards in the society may have a stigma which may make residents decide to relocate or prevent new ones moving in.   This problem of stigma was emphasised by Harworth and Manzi (1999, p 163) that there is â€Å"the stigma attached to public rented houses† and that this is the result of behaviours that are usually not in conformity with the accepted norms in the wider society.   In order to tackle the problem of anti social behaviour and reduce or eliminate its impacts on the neighbourhood and properties, Cowan and Marsh (2001) suggested the use of basic strategies such as housing management, legal tools and partnering with Social Exclusion Unit. Tackling Anti Social Behaviour in Housing Housing Management Cowan and Marsh (2001) suggested that in order to control the activities of those that perpetrate anti social behaviours, Landlords should control the access to houses by such individuals through the use of housing register.   This suggestion implies that those noted for their anti social behaviours should be excluded from having access to houses as a deterrent to others that would want to follow their bad examples.   The power for landlords to exclude those whose behaviours are deemed to be against the norms of the society in which they reside (anti social behaviour) is contained in the Part VI of the Housing Act (1996) and research by Smith (2001) found that this exclusion has reduced the rate of antisocial behaviours in most estates. In addition to the use of exclusion as a house management tool for deterrent and preventive measure for dealing with anti social behaviours, Landlords were empowered by the Housing Acts 1996 to adjust the tenancy agreement indicate repossession of properties.   In effect, the tenancy agreement fully describes the rights and responsibilities of both parties with particular respect to anti social behaviours and that the Landlord has the right of repossession if the tenant receives anti social behavioural order – an order for carrying out anti social behaviours.   On the effectiveness of the use of repossession as a deterrent, the Social Exclusion Unit (SEU, 2000, p 4) argued that â€Å"evicting anti social people does not mea that the problem will go away.   Some people will be deterred from future ant social behaviour by the experience of eviction or exclusion from the housing register†. Legal Tools The 1996 Housing Act further gave powers to Landlords (both Local Authorizes and Social Registered Landlords) to deal with their own tenants with respect to anti social behaviours.   This Act made individuals responsible for their own actions, those of their households and those of their visitors and empowered landlords to take possession of their properties in the event of anti social behaviour.   In applying this power, certain behaviours were banned by Landlords and where the tenant goes against those behaviours, a housing injunction is obtained from the court to arrest the offender.   Also the 1998 Housing Act introduced the use of Anti Social Behavioural Order (ASBO) by the police or landlords against offenders as long as they are above the age of 10.   Other legal tools include the use of 1996 Noise Act and 1990 Environmental Protection for noisy tenants and those houses not maintained by the tenants. Social Exclusion Unit Partnership While applying both the managerial and legal tools, Cowan and Marsh (2001) further suggested the use of partnership initiatives with the social exclusion unit by landlords and local authorities.   The Social Exclusion Unit works with communities, individuals and families to make sure that anti social behaviours are not breached and that to a greater extent avoid repeat or re – offending (SEU, 2000c).   Rather than punish those whose behaviours are anti social, through exclusion, repossession or injunction, the social exclusion unit partners with other relevant agencies to produce strategies in the forms of projects that to support the circumstances of the offender.   This process involves having a one to one meeting with the offender to identify the causes of the anti social behaviour and the outcome of the discussion forms the basis for suggesting possible support programs to assist the offender where appropriate.   The partnership with the social exclusion unit has a dditional advantage of making sure that those who are reacting as a result of their extra ordinary circumstances beyond their control are supported in overcoming such circumstances. Conclusion This project sought to find out about a citizen and how the rights and responsibilities of ‘a citizen’ relate with the current government policies on anti social behaviours.   During the course of the project, it was found that citizen describes a person who has the status or acquired the status of citizenship that is, having a form of relationship with the State.   Such relationships with the nation that has accorded that person the citizenship status usually comes with political, civil and social rights.   The social right of the citizen which formed the basic focus of this project includes the right to housing and being housed.   The right of the citizen to be provided with housing protects the citizen from being harassed, unfairly charged or exploited by landlords.   However, the right of the citizen to housing requires that the citizen keeps to the conditions of the tenancy agreement among which includes a condition not to act in a manner that will above o ther things constitute not conform to the norms of the society/neighbourhood – that is ant social. Furthermore, the project found that where the citizen acts anti social, it may result in crumbling of the service provisions within the neighbourhood (SEU, 1998), reducing house prices as the result of the stigma of crime and violence (Harworth and Manzi, 1999) and increasing cost of repairs and maintenance by the local authorities in cleaning graffiti.   In order to tackle the problem of antisocial behaviour, the project found 3 basic strategies as suggested by Cowan and Marsh (2001) and these include housing management, legal tools and partnership with the social exclusion unit.   Housing management uses seeks to exclude citizens with anti social behaviours from having access to housing and also repossessing their properties while the legal tool uses injunction.   The partnership with the social exclusion unit aims to address the circumstances that create the anti social behaviours of a citizen. Based on the findings during the course of this project, it can be seen that a citizen has a right to housing and that this right comes with responsibilities not to act anti social.   Therefore, the current government policy of anti social behaviour seeks to ensure that a citizen, enjoying the right to housing, complies with the responsibilities that come with the right to the housing being enjoyed.   The rights are received by the citizen; the responsibilities are the conditions for the rights and the anti social behavior policies ensure that the conditions are kept by the citizen. References Blackburn, R. (1994).   Rights of Citizenship.   London.   Mansell Publishing Ltd Catalano, R.F., Hawkins, J.D. (1996). The Social Development Model: A theory of antisocial behavior. In J.D. Hawkins (Ed.), Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories (pp. 149-197) New York: Cambridge CIH (1995).   Housing management standards manual. Coventry. CIH Cowan, D. and Marsh, A. (2001). Two steps forward:   Housing policy into the new millennium. UK.   Polity Press Hardy, H. (1997) ‘Citizenship and the Right to Vote’, 17 Oxford J Legal Stud 76 (1997). Hawkins J.D., Catalano R. F., Miller J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64-105. Lewis, G. (2004).   Citizenship Lives Social Policy.   UK.   The polity Press Millie, A., Jacobson, J., Hough, M. and Paraskevopoulou, A. (2005a) Anti-social behaviour in London Setting the context for the London Anti-Social Behaviour Strategy, London: GLA Power, Anne (2007a) City Survivors. Bringing up children in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Bristol: The Policy Press. Rogers, P. and Coaffee, J. (2005) ‘Moral panics and urban renaissance: Policy, tactics and youth in public space’, City, 9(3) 321-340. Rose, N. (1996).   The death of the social?   Refiguring the territory of government, Economy and Society, vol 25, no 3, pp 282-99. Social Exclusion Unit (1998).   Bringing Britain together: A national strategy for neighbourhood renewal, Cm 4045, London:   The stationery Office. Social Exclusion Unit (2000a) Leaflet, London: Cabinet Office Smith, R., Stirling, T. Papps, P., Evans, A. and Rowlands, R. (2001).   Allocation and Exclusion:   The impact of new approach to allocating social housing, London: Shelter. The 1998 Crime and Disorder Act The 1996 Housing Act

Language in Literature †English Essay

Language in Literature – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Language in Literature English Essay Refer to Toolan (2001) and conduct a trait analysis of a least three of the characters in Fowles’ The French Lieutenant’s Woman. Specify a list of what you take to be the most crucial features/attributes that distinguish particular characters. What are the most important ways they differ? What are the narratively significant differences? Would you say that Fowles prefers indirectness in presenting a character, or an authoritative ‘telling’ of how a character is? Are there differences between the characters in the mode of presentation? How do you explain this? The French Lieutenant’s Woman : main characters and secondary characters. The theory of the trait analysis as the departure point of a complete literary investigation. A literary text appears to the reader as a mysterious world, as a walk in the fog and sometimes it seems very difficult to escape from that darkness. A superficial approach to a book or a text in general, may obviously create some effects of unfamiliarity with the topic of the book. The main aim of the reader is to find out the light in that darkness and rebuild the logic road the writer is trying to give us . What I am going to focus on, in this essay, is: the analysis of The French Lieutenant’s Woman that represents a good example of complex novel with a very articulated story, the concept of main characters and secondary characters , the ways they differ and their relevant peculiarities, referring to Stockwell’s two levels of the text to find some analogies between the concepts of main and secondary characters and the division between ground and figures, and in conclusion Toolan’s trait analysis and if there could be any restriction to applying it to diffe rent characters. The French Lieutenant’s Woman is one of the greatest Fowles’ works. It is set in Victorian England and deals with the love affair between a former governess, Sarah Woodruff and Charles Smithson, a nobleman. Charles is already engaged with Ernestina Freeman, who is the daughter of a rich shop owner. They were planning their life together and their marriage, but Sarah seduces Charles. He does not realise completely her true personality and that she is still virgin and what kind of secret she is keeping. The story of the French soldier, in fact, was only a lie to emancipate her from the Victorian age. Sarah is a very persuasive figure and convinced, in the second part of the book, Charles to forsake the position and the honour the Victorian society planned for him. Fowles’ novel is a faithful imitation of the typical Victorian novels, such as T. Hardy’s ones . It also represents a good example of complex literary text. A complex text, such as Fowles’s one, with an articulated story is defined a novel. A novel is composed by some elements; one of them is the setting. In The French Lieutenant’s Woman the setting is constituted by the social Victorian background. This social situation is characterised by some conventions everyone has got to follow, but also by all those characters that are not fore grounded through remarkable features and for this reason are the part of the background, as passive elements. The men are expected to be real gentlemen with a very high knowledge and good skills, interested in a lot of subjects and clever. From the relational point of view, a real Victorian gentleman must be cold enough but brilliant at the same time, for brilliant I mean a mixture of skills and nuances in order to appear always learned, polite, and a man who always knows what to say and to do in each life situation. If we take into consideration Charles’ uncle, we can draw a very easy analysis of his crucial points, features, and attributes: he is the typical Victorian man, proud of his successes, cold, learned and that kind of man who shows everyone his own knowledge and life culture. The author presents him boring as well ‘His uncle bored the visiting gentry interminably with the story of how the deed had been done’ . Another crucial feature in a literary text is the concept, the peculiarities and the role of the characters. They are the central element in a story because thank to them everything changes, moves and every situation develops. As a consequence, since they are the principal first movers of the story-telling mechanism, the complete comprehension will be linked to their comprehension. Thus the importance of the role of the characters is that they occupy a central position because they have got the power of creating changes, and movements and all the narration develops around them. To understand a character means to analyse it very particularly from all the points of view. The characters may also be influenced in their decisions and actions by the setting, and realise their actions taking into consideration the setting background . For example, Sarah, in the second part of the book, appears strong, persuasive and courageous. The point is that the situations require that and she has to fo llow the stream of the story. The relation with the setting may lead to a categorisation of two types of characters: main characters and secondary characters. The main characters are those who are highlighted in the story through the attribution of remarkable features or are strictly linked to those ones who have such features8. The secondary characters are linked to the setting and occupy quite static roles. Sometimes they could be included in the setting. It would be wrong to consider Sarah as a secondary character because the categorisation of the two types of characters must be justified on the base of the effective kind of link between the character and setting, and not on the base of what the stream of the story implies. Stockwell’s theory of the two levels8 is very useful to justify this difference between the main characters and the secondary characters. Two levels in the narration can be distinguished: The level of the ground, occupied by static elements such as the setting and the secondary characters, and the level of the figures, occupied by all those features that are fore grounded in a text, and these figures are the main characters. In the story, for example, who has got the control of the situation is Sarah that reveals her to be the protagonist with her strength and the great quantity of skills she can use, such as persuasive skills, argumentative skills, courage and humility. Further, she is the mover of the story who changes the situations from the static and boring development towards a dramatic end. The fore grounding of Sarah is perfectly created by Fowles by the attributions to her of some specific features and by creating at the beginning of the book (in which the straightfor ward side of Sarah does not appear yet) a mysterious halo around her figure . A good analysis of a literary text implies the distinction between: The ground level and the figures level. What Stockwell has mentioned is this real separation of the two levels, but what he has not specified in an explicit way, is that these two levels intersect each other as it is explained in Toolan’s trait analysis theory , creating, this way, a complication of the text. Actually Sarah presents some attributes but if not put those in the setting, the basic level of characterisation would be sterile and the fore grounding absolutely absent. But also if the reader confuses the two levels or he has not got a clear vision of what features distinguish one level from the other one, he would fall down in a misunderstanding of the text The French Lieutenant’s Woman offers itself a good example of the characteristics of the ground and the figures. At the beginning of the book we can note that almost all the characters have the same features. Only Sarah is out of this scheme, which appears deeply shy, in need, and absolutely anonymous. But these points, in relation with the ground, make her relevant and fore grounded from the common features background. Charles, his uncle, Mrs. Poulteney, Ernestina appear as the incarnation of the Victorian principles: lazy, bored, and extremely cared about their social position. This flattening of the characters with the setting background permits to categorise them as secondary. In Chapter six, Mrs Poulteney is deeply superficial, she is interested in Sarah’s education, her behaviours and her social level, rather than in helping her. Charles’ uncle appears cold and superficial as well, for example, when he has to recover his kindness of heart . Ernestina is the typical young lady of the Victorian age, who would like to escape from her reality composed only by coldness and conventions, but she has no strength to realise it. It is very clear this attitude of her at the beginning of the book where Fowles says: ‘Ernestina had exactly the right face of her age’; the main characters differ from the secondary one for the grade of fore grounding in the story. When we read a literary text we face a reality that sometimes might seem us very difficult to understand, confusing and in some cases deviant. What is the reason of these estrange feelings? Taking into consideration The French Lieutenant’s Woman, at the beginning of the book we find a presentation of all the characters, their crucial features, and the most relevant attributes. Going on with the reading we consolidate those ideas that we have created about some or all the characters and we start having some considerations about them, their behaviours, their ways to approach the life. In the second part of the book, we find a shifting in the narration of the events and we can find ourselves in a state of confusion: the characters do not look like as at the beginning and maybe someone might think to have lost some parts of the narration. This phenomenon is very common reading a literary text, above all if approached to complex texts with articulated stories. This happens general ly with a superficial reading, which does not permit us to assimilate all those relevant points that constitute the logical key of interpretation. Interpretation in fact means to assimilate, to understand deeply. The interpretative key in a literary text is constituted by understanding different elements such as the ground and the figures. These elements are the product of a very cared process of creation that involves very strict rules. A novel, actually, represents a creative process of a sort of reality that is strictly linked to the one of the reader. That is the possible world of the fiction, a world that has got a lot of analogies with the real one . The reader, generally, tends to categorise all the fictional features in some real categories. This process is originated from the simplifier spirit of the human mind. The problem is if that categorisation is useful for the complete comprehension of a text or it is only a deviant and apparently simplifier process. There are two contrasting positions among the analysts: the psychological one that claims to extend a psychological analysis to the characters of one book as real people, and the structuralist one that considers the characters and the features of a book as literary products. It should be useful and easier to adopt, by contrast, the theory described by Toolan, which assumes that the literary reality is modelled on the basis of the author’s perception of the real world . Surely it is linked to the real world but not dependant on it. A good comprehension of a book is l inked to these differentiations between real and fictional world. In The French Lieutenant’s Woman, the reader should distinguish the link with the real Victorian reality. The setting, the characters, the background are created only on the basis of the author’s vision, an idealised vision. Only after categorising the author’s vision of that reality in the reader’s own knowledge background, there can be a valid and acceptable comprehension. We can understand, at this stage, that a literary text is characterised by several double levels. Double level of importance for the characters and double level for the possible world. Toolan’s theory can merge the two double levels and solve the discrepancies that can rise comparing each level. The trait analysis theory involves a supervisor, which, in the case of The French Lieutenant’s Woman, is the narrator. He has got the power of giving the characters more or less predominance, through the features and the attributes. When the reader approaches the characters, has to identify the attributes referring to them (basic level of the analysis). After a general consideration of the features, he has to link those attributes to a common background. The background could be the readers’ own knowledge about the topic of the book or the setting background of the story. Linking those features to his own background, the reader obtains a resolution of the discrepancies between the reality and the fictional world. Connecting, on the other hand, the characteristics to a setting background, the reader can achieve the solution of the problematic comprehensi on about who is the main or the secondary character. If extended to The French Lieutenant’s Woman, the trait analysis reveals very interesting points. Taking into consideration characters such as Ernestina and Mrs Poulteney, first the reader should list all the crucial features and attributes. Ernestina appears as a conformist, deeply weak, and without any psychological strength, she is overwhelmed by all the events and accepts everything the destiny planned for her without any hesitation. Mrs Poulteney appears conformist and really cared about her social position and what people may think about her as well. By contrast, she is deeply different, compared to Ernestina. She has got a social position and the support of the society. Her only worry is to keep such a good reputation. Yet, Charles’ uncle is conformist as well, lazy and without any strength to contrast the Victorian conventions. Once listed the crucial attributes, if categorised in the reader’s knowledge background about the topic, the link and the interpretative key could be found easily in order to understand the different levels and not to confuse them. The reader, through the trait analysis, is able to do a separation between the characters’ features and the real world reality, taking into consideration that the characters’ features are only the product of an idealised vision of the author . By the contrary, if the reader connects those characteristics to a setting background he will find that the main characters are highlighted in the plot and the secondary one are on the same level of the setting. The only one deviant element in the comprehension process could be the way the author describes the characters. Fowles, in fact, uses an authoritative ‘telling’ about the characters’ peculiarities. For example, in chapter three for the description of Charles’ uncle, in chapter six for the description of Mrs Poulteney, and in chapter twelve for the characteristics of Ernestina. His authoritative telling can make the reader think that his thoughts are not an idealisation of the Victorian society but an absolutely-right truth. Fortunately, the trait analysis is capable to solve this problem as well. In conclusion, the trait analysis is the most complex technique, but also the most interesting and useful, to conduct an analysis of a literary text, starting from the analysis of the characters. It could seem very difficult at the first sight because it implies a lot of care towards all the most important narrative elements. Before starting conducting the most important part of that analysis, the analyst should analyse very carefully the attributes and the peculiarities of the setting, the characters, the style, the way the author presents the plot in general. In fact, it analyses the text in two moments: the basic moment, in which all the clear attributes are listed and highlighted and the more specific one that involves the categorisation of them. The categorisation involves, in its turn, two levels, the one referring to the importance of the characters and the one referring to the distinction between the reality and the fictional world. From the analysis of The French Lieutenantà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Woman it results obvious how this investigation can be extended to all the narrative features, both main and secondary characters, all the kind of settings and even to the narrative strategies the narrator adopts. The trait analysis does not imply any restriction in this sense. The main and the secondary characters differ, each other, on the basis of the role they play in the plot. The secondary characters are part of the static background, but that does not mean that they have less importance, from the point of view of the organisation of the narrative material. The composition of the figures of the secondary characters requires a lot of care. The analysis just conducted, can evidence that even the secondary characters are important, maybe more important than the main ones because only taking into consideration their features the reader can draw the crucial trait of the main characters and highlight them. The trait analysis, to conclude, involves different narrative featur es of a literary text and it is able to link them and to find connections among them to investigate in a detailed way the organisation of the literary material. Words: 2.960 Bibliography: Fowles, J. (2004) The French Lieutenant’s Woman London: Vintage. Semino, E (1997) Language and World Creation In Poems and Other Texts. Longman Stockwell, P. (2002) Cognitive Poetics: An introduction. London: Routledge The literary encyclopaedia, available at [www.literaryencyclopaedia.com] Toolan, M. (2001) Narrative, a critical linguistic introduction. London: Routledge Research Papers on Language in Literature - English EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Fifth HorsemanMind TravelAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayQuebec and CanadaThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring - Essay Example In an ‘Introduction’ to the work, Linda Lear wrote: â€Å"Carson’s writing initiated a transformation in the relationship between humans and the natural world and stirred an awakening of public environmental consciousness†¦ Carson’s thesis that we were subjecting ourselves to slow poisoning by the misuse of chemical pesticides that polluted the environment†¦contained the kernel of social revolution.† (Lear, x) Therefore, it is essential to recognize that Carson, as one of the greatest nature writers in the modern world, inspired and motivated a generation of environmental activists. This paper makes a reflective exploration of how Silent Spring fits into the larger story of conservation and environmentalism in America and how it changed public opinion about pesticide use and environmentalism in general. In a profound investigation of the major arguments of Rachel Carson in Silent Spring, it becomes evident that the author is mainly concerne d about a revolution in the relationship between humans and the natural world. Significantly, the author emphasizes the thesis that uncontrolled and unexamined use of pesticides ultimately harms the nature by killing animals, birds, and, more perilously, human beings.